Presidents of the United States

1. George Washington (1789-1797)
   1. 1^st President
   2. Supported the 1^st Bank of the United States
   3. Served 2 Terms

2. John Adams (1797-1801)
   1. Federalist
   2. Sedition Acts
   3. Alien Laws
   4. XYZ Affair
   5. Served 1 Term

3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
   1. Democratic-Republican (Jeffersonian)
   2. Embargo Act – Non-Intercourse Act
   3. Wanted Small Military
   4. John Marshall
   5. Louisiana Purchase

                                                               i.      James Monroe, Robert Livingston

6. Meriwether Lewis, William Clark
7. Served 2 Terms

4. James Madison (1809-1817)
   1. Democratic-Republican
   2. Macon’s Bill No. 2
   3. War of 1812 – Treaty of Ghent (1814)
   4. Tariff of 1816
   5. Rejected Nationally-Funded Roads
   6. Served 2 Terms

5. James Monroe (1817-1825)
   1. Democratic-Republican
   2. “Era of Good Feelings”
   3. Panic of 1819
   4. Missouri Compromise
   5. Monroe Doctrine
   6. Served 2 Terms

6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)
   1. Democrat *
   2. Strong Nationalist
   3. Opposed Slavery
   4. Supported the building of nationally-funded roads and canals
   5. Served 1 Term

7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
   1. Democrat
   2. “Bank War”

                                                               i.      Panic of 1837

3. Trail of Tears
4. Common Man

                                                               i.      Spoils System

5. Served 2 Terms

8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
   1. Democratic
   2. Divorce Bill

                                                               i.      Independent Treasury Bill

3. His delayed actions to end the Panic of 1837 caused the economic downturn to continue for many years.
4. Served 1 Term

9. William Henry Harrison (1841)
   1. Whig
   2. Died in Office on April 4, 1841
   3. Served 1 Term**

10. John Tyler (1841-1845)
    1. Whig
    2. Democrat at Heart
    3. Vetoes Bank of United States
    4. Lowered Tariff
    5. Served 1 Term

11. James K. Polk (1845-1849)
    1. Democrat
    2. Oregon Country w/Britain
    3. Mexican-American War
    4. Served 1 Term

12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)
    1. Whig
    2. Underground Railroad
    3. Gold Rush
    4. Congressional Debate of 1850
    5. Died in Office on July 9, 1850
    6. Served 1 Term**

13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)
    1. Whig
    2. Compromise of 1850
    3. Fugitive-Slave Law of 1850
    4. “2^nd Era of Good Feelings”
    5. Served 1 Term

14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)
    1. Democrat
    2. Cuba/Nicaragua
    3. Transcontinental Railroad
    4. Kansas-Nebraska Act
    5. Lecompton Constitution w/Kansas
    6. Served 1 Term

15. James Buchanan (1857-1861)
    1. Democrat
    2. Dred Scott Case
    3. Panic of 1857
    4. John Brown
    5. Served 1 Term

16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)
    1. Republican
    2. Civil War

                                                               i.      Emancipation Proclamation

3. Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater
4. Served 2 Terms**

17. Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)
    1. Democrat
    2. Reconstruction
    3. Clashes with Congress

                                                               i.      Impeached

1.        1 Vote Shy of Being Removed from Office

4. Served 1 Term

18. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
    1. Republican
    2. Political Corruption

                                                               i.      Credit Mobilier Scandal

3. Panic of 1873
4. Served 2 Terms

19. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)
    1. Republican
    2. Hayes-Tilden Standoff

                                                               i.      Electoral Count Act (Compromise of 1877)

3. Civil Rights Act of 1875

                                                               i.      Jim Crow Laws

4. Served 1 Term

20. James A. Garfield (1881)
    1. Republican
    2. Assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau on September 19, 1881
    3. Served 1 Term**

21. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1884)
    1. Republican
    2. Pendleton Act of 1883

                                                               i.      Attempted to stop political corruption

                                                              ii.      Civil Service Commission

3. Served 1 Term

22. Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)
    1. Democrat
    2. Proposed a lower tariff to Congress to bring lower prices to consumers-cost he and his party the next election
    3. Served 1 Term

23. Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)
    1. Republican
    2. Billion-Dollar Congress
    3. McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

                                                               i.      Discredited Republican Party

4. McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 – brought more economic troubles to farmers
5. Sherman Silver Act Purchase of 1890 – precursor to the Panic of 1893

                                                               i.      Depreciated the value of silver due to the drastic rise of silver in circulation.

6. Served 1 Term

24. Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)
    1. Democrat
    2. Panic of 1893

                                                               i.      Sherman Silver Act Purchase of 1890

3. Anti-imperialist
4. Served 1 Term

25. William McKinley (1897-1901)
    1. Republican
    2. Gold Standard Act of 1900
    3. Imperialist

                                                               i.      Annexation of Hawaii

4. Assassinated by a deranged anarchist on September 14, 1901
5. Served 1 Term**

26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
    1. Republican
    2. Panama Canal
    3. Roosevelt Corollary
    4. Progressivism
    5. Panic of 1907
    6. Served 2 Terms

27. William Howard Taft (1909-1913)
    1. Republican
    2. Trust Breaker
    3. Progressivism
    4. Served 1 Term

28. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)
    1. Democrat
    2. Federal Reserve Act
    3. World War I

                                                               i.      Fourteen Points Address

                                                              ii.      League of Nations

                                                            iii.      Treaty of Versailles

4. 18^th Amendment – Prohibition
5. 19^th Amendment – Women Suffrage
6. “Red Scare”

                                                               i.      Nicola Sacco, Bartolomeo Vanzetti

7. Served 2 Terms

29. Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
    1. Republican
    2. “Roaring Twenties”

                                                               i.      Automobile Industry

                                                              ii.      Aviation Industry

                                                            iii.      Flappers

3. Corruption

                                                               i.      Teapot Dome Scandal

4. Soft President
5. Five Power Treaty/Four Power Treaty
6. Died in Office on August 2, 1923
7. Served 1 Term**

30. Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)
    1. Republican
    2. Capper-Volstead Act
    3. Dawes Plan of 1924
    4. Served 1 Term

31. Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)
    1. Republican
    2. McNary-Haugen Bill
    3. Hawley-Smoot Tariff
    4. The Great Depression

                                                               i.      “Black Tuesday” (October 29, 1929)

5. Served 1 Term

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)
    1. Democrat
    2. New Deal

                                                               i.      Relief, Recovery, Reform

                                                              ii.      Did Not Work

3. World War II

                                                               i.      Yalta Conference

4. Died in Office on April 12, 1945
5. Served 4 Terms***

33. Harry S Truman (1945-1953)
    1. Democrat
    2. End of World War II

                                                               i.      Division of Germany

                                                              ii.      United Nations

                                                            iii.      Postwar Economy

1.        Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill)

3. Served 2 Terms

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
    1. Republican
    2. Armistice signed – “ending” the Korean War
    3. McCarthyism
    4. “Operation Wetback”

                                                               i.      Rounded up a million illegal Mexican immigrants

5. Strategic Air Command (SAC)
6. Space Race

                                                               i.      Sputnik I and Sputnik II

                                                              ii.      National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

7. Served 2 terms

35. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)
    1. Democrat
    2. Catholic
    3. New Frontier

                                                               i.      Peace Corps

4. Strategy of Flexible Response
5. Bay of Pigs

                                                               i.      Cuban Missile Crisis

                                                              ii.      Arms Race

6. Tax Cuts
7. Assassinated on November 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald
8. Served 1 term**

36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)
    1. Democrat
    2. Civil Rights

                                                               i.      Civil Rights Act of 1964

                                                              ii.      Voting Rights Act of 1965

                                                            iii.      Affirmative Action

3. Gulf of Tonkin

                                                               i.      Vietnam War

4. War on Poverty

                                                               i.      “Great Society”

                                                              ii.      Medicare

                                                            iii.      Medicaid

5. Counterculture
6. Served 2 terms

37. Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
    1. Republican
    2. Vietnamization
    3. Détente Policy with China and the Soviet Union
    4. End of Vietnam War

                                                               i.      Last Americans were evacuated from Vietnam on April 29, 1975

                                                              ii.      Dr. Henry A. Kissinger

5. Resigned from office in 1974 following the Watergate Scandal
6. Served 2 terms**

38. Gerald Ford (1974-1977)
    1. Republican
    2. Helsinki Accords
    3. Served 1 term**

39. Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
    1. Democrat
    2. Rising Inflation
    3. Oil Crisis
    4. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
    5. Iranian Hostage Crisis
    6. Served 1 term

40. Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
    1. Republican
    2. Neo-conservatism

                                                               i.      Reduced the size of the government

1.        Cut taxes

2.        Shrunk the federal budget

                                                              ii.      Supply-side Economics

                                                            iii.      Increase in Military Spending

1.        Large increase in national debt

3. Increasingly Friendly Relations with the Soviet Union
4. Served 2 terms

41. George Bush (1989-1993)
    1. Republican
    2. Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm)

                                                               i.      Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait

3. Americans with Disabilities Act
4. Served 1 term

42. Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
    1. Democrat
    2. Favored minorities and women
    3. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
    4. Impeached on charges of perjury

                                                               i.      2^nd president to be impeached

                                                              ii.      Not removed from office

5. Served 2 terms

43. George W. Bush (2001-present)
    1. Republican
    2. World Trade Center Attacks (September 11, 2001)
    3. Liberation of Afghanistan
    4. Liberation of Iraq/Capture of Saddam Hussein

* From 1826 and on, Democratic-Republicans were just called Democrats, and from 1854 and on, Whigs were called Republicans.

** Started to serve 1 or 2 term(s).

*** Only president to serve more than 2 terms.

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